Zhattığu and zhattıqtıru: oneself, others and with oneself
Zhattyğu is to train yourself; zhattyqtyru is to train other people. The whole difference is one tail inside the word. For example: “Жаттықтырушы бізді жаттықтырады, біз жаттығамыз” — The coach trains us, and we train. A rule from the Kazakh course: worked out on examples, not memorized as a wording.
How it works
Zhattyğu is to train yourself; zhattyqtyru is to train other people. The whole difference is one tail inside the word.
The tail -dyr or -t hands the action to somebody else: qyzu, to warm up, gives qyzdyru, to warm something. It also covers making someone act: zhazdyrdym, I had it written.
The tail -yl or -l takes the doer away: ashu, to open, gives ashylu, to open by itself. Hence the language of signs: sportzal altyda ashylady, the gym opens at six, and nobody is named.
The trap: -yn turns the action back on the doer and looks much like the last one. Only the sense separates them: kiindi, he dressed himself; kiildi, it was put on.
Table
| the voice | the tail | example | in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| making others do it | -dyr / -tyr | qyzdyru | to warm something |
| making others do it | -t | eñkeitu | to tilt something |
| the passive | -yl / -il | sozylu | to be stretched |
| the passive | -l | zhasalu | to be made |
| the reflexive | -yn / -in | sheshinu | to undress |
| the reflexive | -n | lastanu | to get dirty |
| the reciprocal | -ys / -is | bölisu | to share with each other |
| the reciprocal | -s | qatysu | to participate |
By example
- Жаттықтырушы бізді жаттықтырады, біз жаттығамызThe coach trains us, and we train
- Бассейн жетіде ашыладыThe pool opens at seven
- Шешінетін бөлмеде шешініп, душқа түстімHaving undressed in the changing room, I went to the shower
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
Zhattığu and zhattıqtıru: how does it work in Kazakh?
Zhattyğu is to train yourself; zhattyqtyru is to train other people. The whole difference is one tail inside the word.
What does it look like in an example sentence Kazakh?
“Жаттықтырушы бізді жаттықтырады, біз жаттығамыз” — The coach trains us, and we train. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.