Time, days and hours in Western Armenian
136 words in Western Armenian on the topic “time, days and hours”: Ժամ (zham) — hour, Օր (or) — day, Այսօր (aysor) — today, Առաւօտ (arravod) — morning.
136 words on the topic
- ԺամzhamhourBoth 'hour' and 'time' in general:
ժամը(zhamə) ինին (inin) — at nine o'clock. Henceժամադրութիւն(zhamatrut'yun), a date — an appointed hour. The ժ is zh, as in 'vision' - ԵրեկոյyeregoeveningThe կ sounds like g and the classical final յ stays silent: eh-reh-GO. 'In the evening' is
երեկոյեան(yeregoyean) - ԳիշերkishernightIt appears in
բարի գիշեր(pari kisher), good night. Same root inգիշերօթիկ, a boarding school. Say KISH-er - Ե՞րբ պիտի գաքyerp bidi kak'when will you come?The future is built with
պիտի(bidi): պիտի (bidi) գաք (kak) — you will come. Note the question mark ՞ sitting overե՞րբ(yerp), not at the end of the line - Ժամը քանիսի՞նzhamə k'anisinat what time?Literally 'the hour at which one':
ժամ(zham) is the hour - Կ'ուշանամg'ushanamI'm running late
ուշ(ush) is late. In messages this is the most-sent phrase of them all - Ճաշjashlunchthe ճ sounds like j as in 'jam': 'jash'
- Ընթրիքənt'rik'dinnerthe opening ը is barely audible: the word comes out n'-TRIK', with a puff of air on the k at the end
- Սկիզբըsgizpəat firstThe opening ս joins the կ with no vowel between; the stress falls before the final ը: sGIZ-pə
- ՄինչդեռminchterrwhileOne word. It stands at the start of the second part after the comma and always contrasts:
Ես(yes) կ'աշխատէի,մինչդեռ(minchterr)ան(an) կը (gə) քնանար (k'nanar). Pure coincidence in time, no contrast, goes throughերբ(yerp) orմիաժամանակ(miazhamanag) - Միաժամանակmiazhamanagat the same time
մի(mi) is 'one',ժամանակ(zhamanag) is 'time': 'at one time'. It stands before the verb:միաժամանակ(miazhamanag)երկու(yergu)գործ(kordz)կ'ընեմ(g'ənem). As a sentence opener it means 'at the same time, however' — and then a comma follows - ՀազուադէպhazvatebrarelyIt stands before the verb:
հազուադէպ(hazvateb) կը (gə) դիտեմ (tidem). For things there is another word,հազուագիւտ(hazvakyud): rare, one of a kind — no longer about frequency - ԵրբեմնyerpemnsometimesFrom
երբ(yerp), when. The freest seat of the frequency words: sentence-initial or before the verb - Երբեքyerpek'neverThe verb with it MUST stay negative:
Երբեք(yerpek') չեմ (chem) եղած (yeghadz), I have never been — the bare positive verb after it is impossible. Armenian, unlike English, demands the double negative here - ՍովորաբարsovoraparusuallyFrom
սովոր, accustomed — the root ofսովորիլ, to get used to. Sentence-initial or before the verb, no comma - Ամէն անգամamen ankamevery time
անգամ(ankam) is 'an occasion, a time'. Sentence-initial. With a clause it demandsերբ(yerp):Ամէն անգամ(amen ankam),երբ(yerp) կու (gu) գաս,անձրեւ(antsrev) կու (gu) գայ (kay). Careful: a loneանգամ(ankam) already means 'even' —ես(yes) անգամ (ankam) չէի (chei) գիտեր (kider) - Ժամանակ առ ժամանակzhamanag arr zhamanagfrom time to timeThe word doubles around the preposition
առ(arr) — 'at, by'; the same pattern inքայլ առ քայլ(k'ayl arr k'ayl), step by step, andօր(or) առ (arr)օր(or), day by day. Sentence-initial or before the verb - Անմիջապէսanmichabesimmediately
ան-plusմիջոց, an interval: 'with no interval'. Before the verb. It means 'right away'; English 'right from the start' is a different creature — that isսկիզբէն, and the two must not swap - ԱստիճանաբարasdijanapargraduallyFive syllables, stress on the last: as-di-ja-na-PAR
- Վերջին պահինverchin bahinat the last moment
պահ(bah) is 'a moment', in the 'to whom' formպահին(bahin). It stands before the verb or at the end of the sentence:Վերջին պահին(verchin bahin) չեղարկեց and Չեղարկեցվերջին պահին(verchin bahin) — both orders are alive - Վաղ թէ ուշvagh t'e ushsooner or laterHere
թէ(t'e) is not 'that' but 'or' between two words. Sentence-initial, no comma, and the verb after it usually takesպիտի(bidi):Վաղ թէ ուշ(vagh t'e ush) պիտի (bidi) իմանայ (imanay). Careful:վաղ(vagh) is 'early', whileվաղը(vaghə) with the article is already 'tomorrow' - Մանկութեան տարիներունmangut'ean darinerunin childhoodLiterally 'in the years of childhood'. Shorter:
մանկուց(manguts), from childhood - Մօտակայ ծրագրերmodaga dzrakrerplans for the near future
մօտ(mod) near,մօտակայ(modaga) nearby;ծրագիրis a plan, a program, pluralծրագրեր(dzrakrer) with the ի dropping out. Weekend plans areշաբաթավերջի ծրագրերը - Մէկ տարի ետքmeg dari yedk'in a year
ետք(yedk') means after — and it stands after the span, not before:մէկ տարի ետք(meg dari yedk'), literally 'a year later'. A year ago isմէկ(meg)տարի(dari)առաջ(arrach), same pattern - ՄշտապէսmshdabesconstantlyThree syllables, a consonant stack at the start: msh-da-BES
- ԺամանակաւորապէսzhamanagavorabestemporarilySeven syllables, stress on the last: zha-ma-na-ga-vo-ra-BES
- Յարմար ժամharmar zhama convenient time
յարմար(harmar) means convenient — about time, an armchair and shoes alike.Ժամ(zham) is the hour of a meeting;ժամանակ(zhamanag) is time in general - Ժամ նշանակելzham nshanagelto set a timeFrom
նշան, a sign:նշանակելmeans to mark, to appoint. The same verb means 'to signify':ի՞նչ(inch) կը (gə) նշանակէ (nshanage), what does it mean - Ցանկացած ժամիtsangatsadz zhamiat any time
ցանկանալis to wish;ցանկացած(tsangatsadz) is 'whichever you wish', that is, any.Ժամի(zhami) is the possessive that, with time, works as 'at' - Մինչեւ որminchev voruntilThe English 'not' has no place here: սպասէ (sbase),
մինչեւ որ(minchev vor) գամ (kam) — wait until I come. Inserting a չ- is the classic beginner's mistake - ԴարtarcenturyA century as a hundred years: քսաներորդ
դար(tar). A century as an epoch is a century too. The wordհարիւրամեակ(haryurameag) is a centenary, an anniversary date; the hundred-year span itself is alwaysդար(tar) - Դարաշրջանtarashrchanera
դար(tar) century +շրջանperiod: 'a circle of centuries'. The word is bookish; in speech people more often sayժամանակներ - Տասնամեակdasnameagdecade
տասը(dasə) ten +ամyear + -եակ, a group. Built the same way:հնգամեակ, a five-year span, andհարիւրամեակ(haryurameag), a centenary - ԺամանակահատուածzhamanagahadvadzperiodSix syllables: zha-ma-na-ga-ha-dvadz. The linking -ա- stitches
ժամանակ(zhamanag) andհատուած(hadvadz) together - Ակնթարթagnt'art'an instant
ակնeye +թարթելto blink: 'a blink of the eye'. The adverbակնթարթօրէնmeans instantly - Օրերսorersone of these daysFrom
օրեր, days, with the possessive -ս: literally 'my days'. Works for the future and the past alike — like English 'one of these days' - Հին ժամանակներէնhin zhamanagnerensince time immemorialLiterally 'from old times'. The bookish variant վաղնջական ժամանակներէն (zhamanagneren) sounds thoroughly archaic
- Քանի մը վայրկեանի մէջk'ani mə vayrgyani mechin a matter of minutesA phrase with
մէջ(mech) answers 'in how much time':մէկ(meg)ժամուան(zhamuan) մէջ (mech) — in an hour,քանի մը վայրկեանի մէջ(k'ani mə vayrgyani mech) — in a matter of minutes - Ժամանակակիցzhamanagagitscontemporary
ժամանակ(zhamanag) time + -ակից, 'co-': 'of the same time'. The same word for a person and for a trait - Անցած օրերըantsadz orerədays gone byLiterally 'the days that have passed'. There is no single noun for it —
անցեալ(antsyal) means the past - Առաջին անգամarrachin ankamfor the first time
Առաջին անգամ(arrachin ankam) also means 'the first time': it is also the usual way to say 'for the first time' - ՎերստինversdinanewA bookish adverb from the same prefix
վեր-as inվերսկսիլ(versgsil). In speech people sayնորէն(noren), but that one is broader — 'again' - Աւելի ու աւելի յաճախaveli u aveli hajakhmore and more oftenDoubling
աւելի(aveli) throughու(u) builds a crescendo: աւելի (aveli) ու (u) աւելի (aveli)քիչ(k'ich) — less and less - Աշխատանքային օրերունashkhadank'ayin orerunon weekdaysLiterally 'on working days'. The plural 'to whom' form also answers 'when':
ուրբաթներուն— on Fridays - Մէկընդմէջmegəntmechevery other time
մէկ(meg) one + ընդ (ənt) մէջ (mech) between, written as one word. It means 'every other one': about turns and about rows - Մերթ ընդ մերթmert' ənt mert'every now and thenA bookish phrase: 'now and then, from time to time'.
Մշտապես, constantly, is about continuity, not about repeats - Այդ ընթացքինayt ənt'atsk'inmeanwhileLiterally 'in that course'.
Ընթացքis a flow, a course — the same word as in the train of thought - Մինչ այդminch aytuntil then
Մինչ(minch) withoutեւ(yev) is the bookish form of 'until'. Մինչեւ (minchev) այդ (ayt) is also correct and sounds more colloquial - Յետագայինhedakayinlater onFrom
հետագայ, subsequent, in the 'to whom' form. The nounհետագայalso means 'the future' - Այս անգամays ankamthis timeThe partner of
այն(ayn) անգամ (ankam), that time, and միւս (myus) անգամ (ankam), another time. No preposition is needed where English says 'on' - Հետին թուովhedin t'vovbackdated
հետին(hedin) back +թիւ(t'iv) number, date. A bookkeeping phrase, and almost always with a shade of wrongdoing - ՄարտmardMarchThe same word means 'a fight': մարտի (mardi)
դաշտ(tashd) — a battlefield. The month you recognize by the number beside it: մարտի (mardi) ութը (ut'ə), the eighth of March - ԱպրիլabrilAprilLooks like the verb
ապրիլ(abril), to live, but there is no kinship: the month came in from Latin - ՄայիսmayisMaytwo syllables, stress on the second: ma-YIS
- ՕգոստոսokosdosAugustThe eighth month, right after
Յուլիս(hulis), July. It opens with Օ, an open 'o'; spelled with ո it would read 'vo-' and turn unrecognizable - ՍեպտեմբերsebdemperSeptemberThe last four months of the year all end in -եմբեր and differ only at the head:
սեպտ-,հոկտ-,նոյ-,դեկտ- - ՀոկտեմբերhogdemperOctoberhog-dem-PER: in the western reading տ is always a d
- ՆոյեմբերnoyemperNovemberThe shortest of the -եմբեր four:
նոյ-and that is all. Spelled with յ, which here sounds like the y of 'yes' - ԴեկտեմբերtegdemperDecemberԴ reads t, with a puff of air. Դեկտեմբերի (tegdemperi) երեսունըմէկին — on the thirty-first of December — is the address of New Year's eve
- Հարիւրամեակharyurameagcentenary
հարիւր(haryur) is hundred,ամa bookish 'year', -եակ an anniversary.Դար(tar) is a century as a span of history;հարիւրամեակ(haryurameag) is a hundredth anniversary - Վայրկեանvayrgyanminutetwo syllables, stress at the end: vayr-GYAN
- Երկվայրկեանyergvayrgyansecond (time unit)Literally 'the second minute': երկ- means two. In conversation
երկվայրկեան(yergvayrgyan) մը (mə) means 'hold on', like 'one sec' in English - ՀիմաhimanowAbout this very moment.
Հիմա(hima) չէ (che) — not now. In bookish speech the same isայժմ(ayzhm) - Ժամկէտzhamgeddue date
ժամ(zham) is hour,կէտis point: 'a point in time'. Henceպիտանելիութեան ժամկէտ(bidaneliut'ean zhamged) — the expiration date - ԱնցեալantsyalpreviousFrom
անցնիլ(antsnil), to pass. The same word is also the noun 'the past' - Հասնիլhasnilto be in timeOne verb covers 'to reach', 'to catch up' and 'to make it in time'. Catch a bus — the 'to whom' form: հանրակառքին (hanragarrk'in)
հասնիլ(hasnil) - Վաղուցvaghutslong agoThe trap: it looks like
վաղը(vaghə), tomorrow, but it looks back into the past. The whole difference is the tail - ՎերջերսverchersrecentlyFrom
վերջ(verch), an end: literally 'in the latest time' - ՇուտshudearlyOne word for 'early' and for 'quickly' — the sentence decides. A good anchor:
շուտով(shudov) means 'soon' - ԱրագarakfastAdverb and adjective in one form. Աւելի (aveli)
արագ(arak) — faster - Առաւօտեանarravodeanin the morningThe tail -եան on
առաւօտ(arravod) carries the whole 'in': no preposition here - Ցերեկըtseregəin the daytimetse-re-GƏ: the ց is a sharp ts, and the final ը is a fleeting 'uh'
- Գիշերըkisherəat nightNot -եան here but the article -ը:
գիշերային(kisherayin) already means 'nocturnal' - Ամէն օրamen orevery dayAfter
ամէն(amen) the noun stands with no article and no plural - Ամբողջ օրըampoghch orəall dayUnlike ամեն
օր(or), this one demands the article -ը:ամբողջ օրը(ampoghch orə). 'Whole' wants its article in Armenian - ՊահbahmomentA moment, an instant — the same root as
պահել(bahel), to keep: the moment you hold. In time phrases it takes the 'to whom' form:այդ պահին(ayt bahin) — at that moment - Ժամացոյցzhamatsuytswatch (device)
Ժամ(zham), hour, plusցոյց(tsuyts), showing: a word built from two roots - Ժամը քանի՞ էzhamə k'ani ewhat time is it?Literally 'the hour is how many'; the ՞ mark sits over
քանի(k'ani)
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How it sounds in a sentence
A word list is a blank. Conversation is made of sentences, and these are the ones the words fit into most often.
What is worth knowing about these words
Ժամ (zham) — hour. Both 'hour' and 'time' in general: ժամը (zhamə) ինին (inin) — at nine o'clock. Hence ժամադրութիւն (zhamatrut'yun), a date — an appointed hour. The ժ is zh, as in 'vision'.
Օր (or) — day. Same root in օրացոյց (oratsuyts), a calendar — literally a 'shower of days'. One syllable, and it looks like English 'or'.
Այսօր (aysor) — today. այս- (this) + օր (or) (day): 'this day'. Its partners երէկ (yereg) (yesterday) and վաղը (vaghə) (tomorrow) complete your first timeline.
Առաւօտ (arravod) — morning. Classical spelling writes աւ and օ: առաւօտ (arravod); the Eastern reformed spelling gives առավոտ. 'In the morning' grows a tail: առաւօտեան (arravodean).
Test yourself
Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than recognizing a familiar word — and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “hour” in Western Armenian?
Both 'hour' and 'time' in general:
ժամը(zhamə) ինին (inin) — at nine o'clock. Henceժամադրութիւն(zhamatrut'yun), a date — an appointed hour. The ժ is zh, as in 'vision' - How do you say “when will you come?” in Western Armenian?
The future is built with
պիտի(bidi): պիտի (bidi) գաք (kak) — you will come. Note the question mark ՞ sitting overե՞րբ(yerp), not at the end of the line - How do you say “at first” in Western Armenian?
From
սկիզբ(sgizp), a beginning, with the article. Sentence-initial, no comma:Սկիզբը(sgizpə)դժուար(tzhvar) էր (er). Its pair isյետոյ(hedo). Careful: 'from the beginning again', anew, isնորէն(noren) - How do you say “after” in Western Armenian?
The turn is split:
այն(ayn) բանէն (panen)ետք(yedk') stands before the comma,երբ(yerp) right behind it, then the clause. Noպիտի(bidi) in its verb. In speech people almost always cut it down to a bareերբ(yerp) - How do you say “never” in Western Armenian?
The verb with it MUST stay negative:
Երբեք(yerpek') չեմ (chem) եղած (yeghadz), I have never been — the bare positive verb after it is impossible. Armenian, unlike English, demands the double negative here
How to learn the set instead of just reading it
Today, tomorrow, in the morning, at six. You cannot arrange to meet without these — let alone understand the answer.
A list is read in a minute and forgotten in a day. What works: hide the translation, try to recall, get it wrong — and come back to the same words tomorrow.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- Study spread over days wins not only in experiments but in ordinary classrooms, with real students.checked many timesMawson & Kang, 2025, Behavioral Sciences 15(6):771 · 22 studies, d = 0.54 (confidence interval 0.31–0.77). The authors warn that individual studies disagree widely.
Frequently asked
How do you say “hour” in Western Armenian?
«Ժամ» (zham), read “zham”. Both 'hour' and 'time' in general: ժամը (zhamə) ինին (inin) — at nine o'clock. Hence ժամադրութիւն (zhamatrut'yun), a date — an appointed hour. The ժ is zh, as in 'vision'. It is one of 136 words in the set “time, days and hours” — the rest are in the table above.
How many time words do you need to start?
The whole set on this page is 136 words, but there is no need to start with all of it: the words you will need in the next few days are enough. Take them a few at a time — five to seven new ones per session.