LingoflyIzrađen, obnovljen: a form that behaves like an adjective
Things are often described through what was done to them: the item izrađen, the facade obnovljen, the cargo otpremljen. In Serbian such a form is a full adjective: it bends and it agrees. For example: “Врата (vrata) су (su) израђена по (po) мери (meri) и (i) обојена у (u) бело” — The door is made to measure and painted white. A rule from the Serbian course: worked out on examples, not memorized as a wording.
How it works
Things are often described through what was done to them: the item izrađen, the facade obnovljen, the cargo otpremljen. In Serbian such a form is a full adjective: it bends and it agrees.
It is made from the verb stem plus -n, -en or -t: izraditi → izrađen, obnoviti → obnovljen, prodati → prodat. There is no dependable rule for the choice, only habit.
Before -en the last consonant softens. D gives đ: izrađen. T gives ć: plaćen. And b, p, m, v take lj: obnovljen, otpremljen, kupljen.
Agreement is obligatory: proizvod je izrađen, roba je izrađena, vrata su izrađena. And se is about something else. Kuća se gradi — the building is going on, kuća je izgrađena — the house is finished.
Table
| the verb | the -n / -t form | what changed | in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| izraditi | izrađen | d → đ | made |
| platiti | plaćen | t → ć | paid |
| obnoviti | obnovljen | v → vlj | renovated |
| otpremiti | otpremljen | m → mlj | shipped |
| kupiti | kupljen | p → plj | bought |
| prodati | prodat | the suffix -t | sold |
| označiti | označen | no alternation | marked |
| srušiti | srušen | no alternation | torn down |
By example
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
Izrađen, obnovljen: how does it work in Serbian?
Things are often described through what was done to them: the item izrađen, the facade obnovljen, the cargo otpremljen. In Serbian such a form is a full adjective: it bends and it agrees.
What does it look like in a Serbian example sentence?
“Врата (vrata) су (su) израђена по (po) мери (meri) и (i) обојена у (u) бело” (Vrata su izrađena po meri i obojena u belo) — The door is made to measure and painted white. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.