cmentarz
“cmentarz” — cemetery, graveyard in Polish. Noun, level B1, topic — the city and its places. A Greek Latinism — the same root as the cemetery-words of half of Europe. The grave is its own word; on the first of November all of Poland walks the cemetery with candles. In a live sentence: “Cmentarz jest na wzgórzu nad wsią” — The cemetery is on the hill above the village. One of 81 words in the set “the city and its places” in the Polish course.
In short
| Written in Polish | cmentarz |
| Translation | cemetery, graveyard |
| Part of speech | noun |
| Level | B1 |
Why it looks that way
A Greek Latinism — the same root as the cemetery-words of half of Europe. The grave is its own word; on the first of November all of Poland walks the cemetery with candles.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Cmentarz jest na wzgórzu nad wsiąThe cemetery is on the hill above the village
Nearby words: the city and its places
Street, square, pharmacy, bank. An address is built out of these, and an address is something you have to both say and understand.
- miastocityA false friend: not "place". The place is miejsce, one suffix away — the two are a standing trap.
- ulicastreetSaid much the way it is spelled. In an address the street comes first — ulica Marszałkowska 5 — and signs shorten it to ul.
- placsquareSaid with the same "ts" sound as its military cousin in several languages. Kraków's main square goes by the name Rynek — and it is a plac too.
- aptekapharmacyThe same Greek word several languages borrowed. The night one is apteka nocna, and you find it by search, not by the green cross.
- bankbankMatches sound and meaning at once. No false caution needed: bank really is a bank — the glass jar is słoik.
- tłumcrowdA short word, and the ł is a w: "twu". Stress on the first syllable. At the market on Saturday it is exactly this: a crowd, crowds of people.
- sygnalizacja świetlnatraffic lightsThe full road-rules word, long and clerical. In speech people just say światła — "the lights": na czerwonym świetle — at the red.
- rowerbicycleThe word arrived from a bicycle brand name — and stuck. The Latin-built word of other languages is the learned one; this one is brand-born and long naturalized.
- przystanek autobusowybus stopFrom przystawać, "to pull in at the edge": the stop is where the transport "pulls in". The plain przystanek serves the tram too.
- bilet okresowytravel passOkres is "a period": a ticket for a term, not one ride. The monthly one is miesięczny — and it is stuck onto the card.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “the city and its places”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “cemetery, graveyard” in Polish?
A Greek Latinism — the same root as the cemetery-words of half of Europe. The grave is its own word; on the first of November all of Poland walks the cemetery with candles.
- How do you say “traffic lights” in Polish?
The full road-rules word, long and clerical. In speech people just say światła — "the lights": na czerwonym świetle — at the red.
- How do you say “square” in Polish?
Said with the same "ts" sound as its military cousin in several languages. Kraków's main square goes by the name Rynek — and it is a plac too.
- How do you say “travel pass” in Polish?
Okres is "a period": a ticket for a term, not one ride. The monthly one is miesięczny — and it is stuck onto the card.
- How do you say “crowd” in Polish?
A short word, and the ł is a w: "twu". Stress on the first syllable. At the market on Saturday it is exactly this: a crowd, crowds of people.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “cemetery, graveyard” in Polish?
«cmentarz». In a live sentence: “Cmentarz jest na wzgórzu nad wsią” — The cemetery is on the hill above the village. Noun, level B1, from the set “the city and its places”.
Why does this word look the way it does?
A Greek Latinism — the same root as the cemetery-words of half of Europe. The grave is its own word; on the first of November all of Poland walks the cemetery with candles. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.