Menimşe, aituinşa, biluimşe: whose thought it is and where the information is from
The tail -sha means in the opinion of, according to, as far as. It hangs straight on the word, with no separate preposition. For example: “Менімше, бұл шешім дұрыс емес” — In my opinion, this decision is wrong. A rule from the Kazakh course: worked out on examples, not memorized as a wording.
How it works
The tail -sha means in the opinion of, according to, as far as. It hangs straight on the word, with no separate preposition.
On a pronoun it yields an opinion: men gives menimşe, in my view; sen gives senimşe. Between the root and -sha sits the whose tail, so the word comes apart as men plus im plus she.
On a name of an action it yields the source of the news. Aitu gives aituinşa, according to him; bilu gives biluimşe, as far as I know. Whose words they are is named in front: därigerdiñ aituinşa.
The trap: the same tail without the whose tail gives a language or a manner, as in qazaqsha, zhazbasha, basqasha. With the whose tail it is an opinion; without it, a way of doing.
Table
| what it hangs on | the make-up | the word | in English |
|---|---|---|---|
| a pronoun | men + im + şe | menimşe | in my opinion |
| a pronoun | sen + im + şe | senimşe | in your opinion |
| a name of action | aitu + y + nşa | aituinşa | according to him |
| a name of action | bilu + im + şe | biluimşe | as far as I know |
| a noun of possibility | mümkindik + i + nşe | mümkindiginşe | as far as possible |
| no person tail | zhazba + şa | zhazbasha | in writing |
| no person tail | başqa + şa | başqasha | otherwise |
| a helper word | a separate word | ereje boiynsha | as a rule |
By example
- Менімше, бұл шешім дұрыс емесIn my opinion, this decision is wrong
- Дәрігердің айтуынша, қауіп жоқAccording to the doctor, there is no danger
- Құжаттарды ереже бойынша, мүмкіндігінше тез тапсырыңызSubmit the documents according to the rules and as fast as possible
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
Menimşe, aituinşa, biluimşe: how does it work in Kazakh?
The tail -sha means in the opinion of, according to, as far as. It hangs straight on the word, with no separate preposition.
What does it look like in an example sentence Kazakh?
“Менімше, бұл шешім дұрыс емес” — In my opinion, this decision is wrong. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.