Ziyaad and kam: much and little
Quantity stands before what it counts and agrees with nothing. Pool-e ziyaad kharjam kardam — I spent much money; vaqt-e kam daaram — I have little time. Chand asks the amount: chand tomaan? — how many tomans? Kaafi closes the list — enough; hame sweeps it — all, everything: hame chiz. There is no plural on the counted noun: the number or the quantity word carries the counting alone. For example: “پول زیاد خرج کردم”…
How it works
Quantity stands before what it counts and agrees with nothing. Pool-e ziyaad kharjam kardam — I spent much money; vaqt-e kam daaram — I have little time. Chand asks the amount: chand tomaan? — how many tomans? Kaafi closes the list — enough; hame sweeps it — all, everything: hame chiz. There is no plural on the counted noun: the number or the quantity word carries the counting alone.
Table
| word | meaning | example |
|---|---|---|
| زیاد | much | pool-e ziyaad — much money |
| کم | little | vaqt-e kam — little time |
| چند | how many | chand tomaan? — how many tomans? |
| کافی | enough | pool-e kaafi — enough money |
| همه | all, everything | hame chiz — everything |
By example
- پول زیاد خرج کردمpul ziyod khardzh kardamI spent much money
- وقت کم دارمvâgt kam dâramI have little time
- چند تومان؟chand tumân؟How many tomans?
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
Ziyaad and kam: how does it work in Persian?
Quantity stands before what it counts and agrees with nothing. Pool-e ziyaad kharjam kardam — I spent much money; vaqt-e kam daaram — I have little time. Chand asks the amount: chand tomaan? — how many tomans? Kaafi closes the list — enough; hame sweeps it — all, everything: hame chiz. There is no…
What does it look like in a Persian example sentence?
“پول زیاد خرج کردم” (pul ziyod khardzh kardam) — I spent much money. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.