przepełniony
“przepełniony” — overcrowded, packed in Polish. Adjective, level A1, topic — transport. The prefix prze- pushes to excess: full beyond measure, nowhere to stand. Its nearest neighbor is zatłoczony — jammed with a crowd. In a live sentence: “Autobus jest przepełniony” — The bus is overcrowded. One of 14 words in the set “transport” in the Polish course.
In short
| Written in Polish | przepełniony |
| Translation | overcrowded, packed |
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Level | A1 |
Why it looks that way
The prefix prze- pushes to excess: full beyond measure, nowhere to stand. Its nearest neighbor is zatłoczony — jammed with a crowd.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Autobus jest przepełnionyThe bus is overcrowded
Nearby words: transport
Bus, metro, taxi, stop, station. These are words you need to recognize in writing — off a departure board and off a sign.
- autobusbusRecognizable up to the ending. In a Warsaw bus validate your ticket at once — the inspectors do not forgive.
- pociągtrainsaid "POH-chongk": ci is a soft ch, ą is nasal
- dworzecstationA false friend inside the language itself: dwór is a manor, dworzec is a station. The bus stop is przystanek — do not mix the two.
- taxitaxiWritten with a Latin x — a rarity in Polish. Street-hailing is rare: you phone or use an app, and the meter is a must.
- przystanekstop, bus stopFrom przystanąć, "to halt for a moment"; by the station the dworzec is big, while a przystanek is a pole with a timetable. Place form: na przystanku.
- pasażerpassengerSaid like its cousins, with one s and a ż. Feminine pasażerka — and on the bus there are always more of them than seats.
- siedzenieseat (thing)From the familiar siedzieć; the seat in transport is siedzenie, while miejsce is broader: a place in general, and a town.
- poręczhandrailFeminine, though it ends in rz: the rail you hold on transport and on the stairs. Of-form poręczy.
- kontrolerticket inspectorSaid like its cousins, with one l. He does not ride for his health: he comes to check tickets — so stamp yours at once.
- opłata za przejazdfareOpłata you know from the duty; what the payment is for is za plus the object form. Przejazd is the ride, from przejeżdżać.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “transport”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “overcrowded, packed” in Polish?
The prefix prze- pushes to excess: full beyond measure, nowhere to stand. Its nearest neighbor is zatłoczony — jammed with a crowd.
- How do you say “seat (thing)” in Polish?
From the familiar siedzieć; the seat in transport is siedzenie, while miejsce is broader: a place in general, and a town.
- How do you say “station” in Polish?
A false friend inside the language itself: dwór is a manor, dworzec is a station. The bus stop is przystanek — do not mix the two.
- How do you say “fare” in Polish?
Opłata you know from the duty; what the payment is for is za plus the object form. Przejazd is the ride, from przejeżdżać.
- How do you say “passenger” in Polish?
Said like its cousins, with one s and a ż. Feminine pasażerka — and on the bus there are always more of them than seats.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “overcrowded, packed” in Polish?
«przepełniony». In a live sentence: “Autobus jest przepełniony” — The bus is overcrowded. Adjective, level A1, from the set “transport”.
Why does this word look the way it does?
The prefix prze- pushes to excess: full beyond measure, nowhere to stand. Its nearest neighbor is zatłoczony — jammed with a crowd. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.