ktoś
“ktoś” — someone in Polish. Pronoun, level A1, topic — pronouns. Only about a person, and it declines: kogoś — of someone, komuś — to someone. The partner of the familiar coś, "something". In a live sentence: “Ktoś tam jest” — There is someone there. One of 27 words in the set “pronouns” in the Polish course.
In short
| Written in Polish | ktoś |
| Translation | someone |
| Part of speech | pronoun |
| Level | A1 |
Why it looks that way
Only about a person, and it declines: kogoś — of someone, komuś — to someone. The partner of the familiar coś, "something".
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Ktoś tam jestThere is someone there
Nearby words: pronouns
I, you, we, they. There is a handful of them, they turn up in every sentence, and politeness rides on them: most of these languages keep a formal “you” apart from a familiar one, and choosing the wrong one is noticed faster than a mispronounced word.
- jaIUsually dropped in speech: the verb ending has already named the person. Jestem on its own means "I am".
- tyyou (informal)People your own age move to first names quickly, but the older person or the woman is the one who offers it first.
- wyyou (plural)Plain "you" about several people at once. To one adult stranger a Pole says Pan or Pani instead: Czy Pan wie? rather than Czy wy wiecie?
- onheSame shape as several familiar words, same meaning. Just remember: one is not "they" — one is women and everything non-human.
- onasheMatches sound and meaning at once — the kind of word that memorizes itself.
- myweSaid the way it is spelled, an honest look-alike. The verb with my is an ordinary plural: my jesteśmy — "we are".
- my dwojethe two of usLiterally "we two". The verb stays an ordinary plural: My dwoje jesteśmy razem. There is no special two-of-us grammar to learn here.
- onithey (with a man)Only about people, and only if at least one man is in the group. Women, children and things are one — swapping them is heard at once.
- mójmyDeclines like an adjective: mój dom, but moja kawa, moje piwo. The ó is heard as "oo": "mooey".
- twójyour (informal)The partner of mój and it changes the same way: twój klucz, twoja kawa. In polite speech Pan and Pani stand in for it.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “pronouns”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “someone” in Polish?
Only about a person, and it declines: kogoś — of someone, komuś — to someone. The partner of the familiar coś, "something".
- How do you say “the two of us” in Polish?
Literally "we two". The verb stays an ordinary plural: My dwoje jesteśmy razem. There is no special two-of-us grammar to learn here.
- How do you say “you (plural)” in Polish?
Plain "you" about several people at once. To one adult stranger a Pole says Pan or Pani instead: Czy Pan wie? rather than Czy wy wiecie?
- How do you say “your (informal)” in Polish?
The partner of mój and it changes the same way: twój klucz, twoja kawa. In polite speech Pan and Pani stand in for it.
- How do you say “we” in Polish?
Said the way it is spelled, an honest look-alike. The verb with my is an ordinary plural: my jesteśmy — "we are".
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “someone” in Polish?
«ktoś». In a live sentence: “Ktoś tam jest” — There is someone there. Pronoun, level A1, from the set “pronouns”.
Why does this word look the way it does?
Only about a person, and it declines: kogoś — of someone, komuś — to someone. The partner of the familiar coś, "something". A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.