fundament
“fundament” — foundation (of a building) in Polish. Noun, level B1, topic — home and things. A Latinism: the foundation. Commoner in the plural: the foundations of the house. Figuratively — the basis: the foundations of democracy, exactly as in English. In a live sentence: “Fundamenty domu są już gotowe” — The foundation of the house is already done. One of 197 words in the set “home and things” in the Polish course.
In short
| Written in Polish | fundament |
| Translation | foundation (of a building) |
| Part of speech | noun |
| Level | B1 |
Why it looks that way
A Latinism: the foundation. Commoner in the plural: the foundations of the house. Figuratively — the basis: the foundations of democracy, exactly as in English.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Fundamenty domu są już gotoweThe foundation of the house is already done
Nearby words: home and things
Room, key, water, electricity. You will need them on your first day in a rented flat.
- domhouse, homeMatches sound and meaning at once. Both the building and the hearth: w domu — at home, do domu — home.
- mieszkanieflat, apartmentFrom mieszkać, "to live". In rental ads it meets you in the first line, usually with do wynajęcia — "for rent".
- miejsce zamieszkaniaplace of residenceLiterally "the place of residing" — this is how forms and questionnaires name your dwelling. You know mieszkanie, the flat; here the same root, only in official clothes.
- pokójroomA double word: pokój is both "room" and "peace", one shape for two senses. A two-room flat is mieszkanie dwupokojowe — counted by the rooms, not the bedrooms.
- kuchniakitchenFrom the Latin coquina, the same road the word took into several languages. The cook is kucharz — the same nest.
- łazienkabathroomA diminutive of the old word for a bathhouse. The toilet lives separately: toaleta, or short WC — that is what the door will say.
- balkonbalconyStress on the second syllable, same as the English word — an Italian arrival by way of German. Rental ads say mieszkanie z balkonem — "with a balcony".
- piętrofloor, storeyThe count runs differently from what the ground floor suggests: the level at street level is parter, and pierwsze piętro is already one flight up. Inside the root sits pięć, "five" — five storeys was once the limit.
- windalift, elevatorFrom the word for a hoist — the lift really was a winch with a drum first. The English word will be understood, but the button says winda. No kinship with "will" or with anything it resembles.
- schodystairsPlural only — there are many steps: po schodach — "up/down the stairs". The exit in a building is wyjście; the staircase between floors is schody.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “home and things”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “foundation (of a building)” in Polish?
A Latinism: the foundation. Commoner in the plural: the foundations of the house. Figuratively — the basis: the foundations of democracy, exactly as in English.
- How do you say “balcony” in Polish?
Stress on the second syllable, same as the English word — an Italian arrival by way of German. Rental ads say mieszkanie z balkonem — "with a balcony".
- How do you say “place of residence” in Polish?
Literally "the place of residing" — this is how forms and questionnaires name your dwelling. You know mieszkanie, the flat; here the same root, only in official clothes.
- How do you say “stairs” in Polish?
Plural only — there are many steps: po schodach — "up/down the stairs". The exit in a building is wyjście; the staircase between floors is schody.
- How do you say “bathroom” in Polish?
A diminutive of the old word for a bathhouse. The toilet lives separately: toaleta, or short WC — that is what the door will say.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “foundation (of a building)” in Polish?
«fundament». In a live sentence: “Fundamenty domu są już gotowe” — The foundation of the house is already done. Noun, level B1, from the set “home and things”.
Why does this word look the way it does?
A Latinism: the foundation. Commoner in the plural: the foundations of the house. Figuratively — the basis: the foundations of democracy, exactly as in English. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.