کھٹا
“کھٹا” (khatta) — sour in Urdu. Adjective, level A2, topic — food and drink. A breath and the retroflex t. The sour is prized here: the sour one is both a seasoning and a sauce. In a live sentence: “سیب کھٹا ہے” — The apple is sour. Written with the characters ک, ھ, ٹ, ا. One of 177 words in the set “food and drink” in the Urdu course.
In short
| Written in Urdu | کھٹا |
| Read in Latin letters | khatta |
| Translation | sour |
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Level | A2 |
Why it looks that way
A breath and the retroflex t. The sour is prized here: the sour one is both a seasoning and a sauce
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- سیب کھٹا ہےseb khatta haiThe apple is sour
Nearby words: food and drink
A menu, a market, a shop sign, the question “what is this?”. Food is the most frequent subject of the first weeks and the safest excuse to start talking.
- چائےchaiteaThe same word English drinks as chai — it travelled overland from China like its cousins everywhere. In Pakistan tea is not a drink but a ritual: strong, with milk and sugar, in a small glass
- پانیpaniwaterOne syllable and everywhere: paani is water, from the tea to the road. Tap water is not drunk while travelling
- دودھdudhmilkWith a breath at the end: dood-h. Tea here is drunk with milk, and doodh patti is tea brewed straight in the milk
- روٹیrotiflatbreadThe retroflex t — the tongue taps the roof of the mouth. The bread of every table: roti also means food in general, the way "bread" once did in English
- چینیchinisugarLiterally "Chinese": sugar arrived the same way the tea did. It goes into the glass generously — the drink is as sweet as a dessert
- نمکnamaksaltThe same word the Persians use: namak is salt and namakin the shaker. Namak, meharbani — the first phrase at a shared table
- چاولchawalriceThe base of the festive table: pilaf here is pulao, and the rice in it is long and fragrant. The everyday rice is chaawal all the same
- دہیdehicurdServed with the spicy food — it puts out the fire of the spices the way sour cream does at home. The same curd is whipped into a drink for a hot day
- گرمgaramwarmGaram is both warm and hot: the context sets the degree. Fresh flatbread is always garam, and that is a compliment to the baker
- الائچیelaichicardamomThe same spice that scents festive tea everywhere in the region: pods go straight into the pot. It holds a rank beside the tea — no holiday glass is brewed without elaichi
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “food and drink”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “sour” in Urdu?
A breath and the retroflex t. The sour is prized here: the sour one is both a seasoning and a sauce
- How do you say “rice” in Urdu?
The base of the festive table: pilaf here is pulao, and the rice in it is long and fragrant. The everyday rice is chaawal all the same
- How do you say “milk” in Urdu?
With a breath at the end: dood-h. Tea here is drunk with milk, and doodh patti is tea brewed straight in the milk
- How do you say “cardamom” in Urdu?
The same spice that scents festive tea everywhere in the region: pods go straight into the pot. It holds a rank beside the tea — no holiday glass is brewed without elaichi
- How do you say “salt” in Urdu?
The same word the Persians use: namak is salt and namakin the shaker. Namak, meharbani — the first phrase at a shared table
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “sour” in Urdu?
«کھٹا», read “khatta”. In a live sentence: “سیب کھٹا ہے” — The apple is sour. Adjective, level A2, from the set “food and drink”; written with the characters ک, ھ, ٹ, ا.
How is “کھٹا” written in Latin letters?
khatta. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
A breath and the retroflex t. The sour is prized here: the sour one is both a seasoning and a sauce. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.