трудно
“трудно” (trudno) — with difficulty, hard in Russian. Adverb, level A1, topic — time, days and hours. The twin of legko. Mne trudno dyshat — "it is hard for me to breathe" — the person goes into the to-form. In a live sentence: “Мне трудно дышать” — It is hard for me to breathe. Written with the characters т, р, у, д, н, о. One of 139 words in the set “time, days and hours” in the Russian course.
In short
| Written in Russian | трудно |
| Read in Latin letters | trudno |
| Translation | with difficulty, hard |
| Part of speech | adverb |
| Level | A1 |
Why it looks that way
The twin of legko. Mne trudno dyshat — "it is hard for me to breathe" — the person goes into the to-form.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Мне трудно дышатьMne trudno dyshatIt is hard for me to breathe
Nearby words: time, days and hours
Today, tomorrow, in the morning, at six. You cannot arrange to meet without these — let alone understand the answer.
- часchashourBoth the unit of time and the time of day: Kotory chas? After dva it becomes chasa, after pyat — chasov: the form follows the number.
- сегодняsegodnyatodayInside the word a fossil hides: sevo dnya, "of this day", with an ancient pronoun. It never splits or bends, however much you want it to.
- завтраzavtratomorrowFrom utra, "of the morning": tomorrow is what comes after the night — morning and tomorrow stay two words here, as in English.
- деньdendayA runaway vowel inside: den — dnya. Words like it are many, and the course table keeps their forms. On parting people wish you khoroshego dnya.
- утроutromorningNeuter: dobroye utro. Utrom — the one word that replaces the whole English phrase "in the morning".
- вечерvechereveningVecherom packs the entire "in the evening" into one ending: vecherom ya chitayu doma.
- ночьnochnightFeminine, with a vowel that runs away: noch — nochi. Nochyu tiho — the same time-ending as utrom.
- вчераvcherayesterdayLooks like a cousin of vecher, "evening", but the kinship is only in the sound. Pozavchera — "the day before yesterday" — is the same word with a prefix.
- завтракzavtrakbreakfastZavtrak — kofe i khleb: "breakfast is coffee and bread". The verb of eating it is zavtrakat.
- обедobedlunchThe main meal of the day, taken in the early afternoon — bigger than a sandwich at a desk. Obed byl vkusnyy.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “time, days and hours”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “with difficulty, hard” in Russian?
The twin of legko. Mne trudno dyshat — "it is hard for me to breathe" — the person goes into the to-form.
- How do you say “night” in Russian?
Feminine, with a vowel that runs away: noch — nochi. Nochyu tiho — the same time-ending as utrom.
- How do you say “tomorrow” in Russian?
From utra, "of the morning": tomorrow is what comes after the night — morning and tomorrow stay two words here, as in English.
- How do you say “lunch” in Russian?
The main meal of the day, taken in the early afternoon — bigger than a sandwich at a desk. Obed byl vkusnyy.
- How do you say “evening” in Russian?
Vecherom packs the entire "in the evening" into one ending: vecherom ya chitayu doma.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “with difficulty, hard” in Russian?
«трудно», read “trudno”. In a live sentence: “Мне трудно дышать” — It is hard for me to breathe. Adverb, level A1, from the set “time, days and hours”; written with the characters т, р, у, д, н, о.
How is “трудно” written in Latin letters?
trudno. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
The twin of legko. Mne trudno dyshat — "it is hard for me to breathe" — the person goes into the to-form. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.