осторожно
“осторожно” (ostorozhno) — careful! in Russian. Interjection, level A1, topic — phrases that save you. The adverb doing the sign's work: Ostorozhno, zdes mokro — "careful, it is wet here". In a live sentence: “Осторожно, здесь мокро” — Careful, it is wet here. Written with the characters о, с, т, о, р, о, ж, н, о. One of 17 words in the set “phrases that save you” in the Russian course.
In short
| Written in Russian | осторожно |
| Read in Latin letters | ostorozhno |
| Translation | careful! |
| Part of speech | interjection |
| Level | A1 |
Why it looks that way
The adverb doing the sign's work: Ostorozhno, zdes mokro — "careful, it is wet here".
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Осторожно, здесь мокроOstorozhno, zdes mokroCareful, it is wet here
Nearby words: phrases that save you
“I don't understand”, “say that again”, “slower, please”, “help”. They are learned first for a reason: they bring back a conversation that has already gone wrong.
- я не понимаюya ne ponimayuI do not understandThe little ne stands before the verb as a word of its own. In speech the I is dropped: Ne ponimayu! does the whole job.
- повторите, пожалуйстаpovtorite, pozhaluystarepeat, pleaseThe -te ending is the polite "you" built into the verb. The laziest way to ask again is a bare Chto? — "what?".
- медленнееmedlenneeslowerOne word where English needs "more slowly": the -ee ending is the comparative. Govorite medlennee — "speak slower".
- вы говорите по-английски?vy govorite po-angliyski?do you speak English?Language names turn into adverbs: the question says "you speak in-the-English-way". No helper verb is needed for the question — intonation alone does the job.
- помогите!pomogite!help!The imperative of pomoch. The -te form is polite, but people shout it at one person too — it carries farther.
- я потерялсяya poteryalsyaI am lostThe result verb: lost and done, no process. A woman says ya poteryalas — the past tense knows the speaker's gender.
- не работаетne rabotaetit does not workThe universal diagnosis: Metro ne rabotayet? — "the metro is not running?" — for machines, plumbing and plans alike.
- подождите минутуpodozhdite minutuwait a minutePodozhdite minutu, pozhaluysta — the polite wait; podozhdi is its informal twin.
- я не могу открытьya ne mogu otkrytI cannot open itMogu plus the infinitive, and no preposition between them: ya ne mogu otkryt dver.
- скорая помощьskoraya pomoshchambulanceLiterally "quick help": the vehicle named by its job. Skoraya pomoshch u doma.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “phrases that save you”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “careful!” in Russian?
The adverb doing the sign's work: Ostorozhno, zdes mokro — "careful, it is wet here".
- How do you say “it does not work” in Russian?
The universal diagnosis: Metro ne rabotayet? — "the metro is not running?" — for machines, plumbing and plans alike.
- How do you say “slower” in Russian?
One word where English needs "more slowly": the -ee ending is the comparative. Govorite medlennee — "speak slower".
- How do you say “ambulance” in Russian?
Literally "quick help": the vehicle named by its job. Skoraya pomoshch u doma.
- How do you say “I am lost” in Russian?
The result verb: lost and done, no process. A woman says ya poteryalas — the past tense knows the speaker's gender.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “careful!” in Russian?
«осторожно», read “ostorozhno”. In a live sentence: “Осторожно, здесь мокро” — Careful, it is wet here. Interjection, level A1, from the set “phrases that save you”; written with the characters о, с, т, о, р, о, ж, н, о.
How is “осторожно” written in Latin letters?
ostorozhno. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
The adverb doing the sign's work: Ostorozhno, zdes mokro — "careful, it is wet here". A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.