изюм
“изюм” (izyum) — raisins in Russian. Noun, level A1, topic — food and drink. The Turkish road again: izyum is literally "grapes" dried. Izyum i orekhi v pakiye. In a live sentence: “Изюм и орехи в пакете” — Raisins and nuts in the bag. Written with the characters и, з, ю, м. One of 170 words in the set “food and drink” in the Russian course.
In short
| Written in Russian | изюм |
| Read in Latin letters | izyum |
| Translation | raisins |
| Part of speech | noun |
| Level | A1 |
Why it looks that way
The Turkish road again: izyum is literally "grapes" dried. Izyum i orekhi v pakiye.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Изюм и орехи в пакетеIzyum i orekhi v paketeRaisins and nuts in the bag
Nearby words: food and drink
A menu, a market, a shop sign, the question “what is this?”. Food is the most frequent subject of the first weeks and the safest excuse to start talking.
- кофеkofecoffeeMasculine against all expectations: odin kofe, "one coffee". The word is not declined in the ordinary sense, and the stress stays put.
- чайchayteaThe word traveled out of China by two roads: the northern one gave tea, the southern one chay. Chai is the same journey.
- водаvodawaterFeminine: odna voda. Its forms live a life of their own — khochu vodu, net vody — and the course table keeps them.
- хлебkhlebbreadA native word with no relatives in English. The voiced b at the end goes voiceless, so you hear "khlep".
- молокоmolokomilkNeuter: goryacheye moloko. A distant cousin of "milk" — both come from the same ancient root for milking, though it takes etymology to see it.
- питьpitto drinkThe present tense reshapes the consonant: pyu, pyosh, pyot. Its result twin is vypit — the same verb with a prefix for "down to the bottom".
- сырsyrcheeseAfter numbers it takes the of-many form: dva syra. English "cheese" found no relatives for it in Europe.
- мясоmyasomeatNeuter, like moloko. A distant cousin of "meat" — same ancient root, though in English the word widened to mean food in general.
- рыбаrybafishFeminine: dve ryby, pyat ryb. The steak cut served in restaurants has its own name — steik.
- салатsalatsaladCame eastward through Italian insalata — "salted things", with the salt hidden inside. It names both the dish and the leaf.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “food and drink”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “raisins” in Russian?
The Turkish road again: izyum is literally "grapes" dried. Izyum i orekhi v pakiye.
- How do you say “cheese” in Russian?
After numbers it takes the of-many form: dva syra. English "cheese" found no relatives for it in Europe.
- How do you say “water” in Russian?
Feminine: odna voda. Its forms live a life of their own — khochu vodu, net vody — and the course table keeps them.
- How do you say “salad” in Russian?
Came eastward through Italian insalata — "salted things", with the salt hidden inside. It names both the dish and the leaf.
- How do you say “to drink” in Russian?
The present tense reshapes the consonant: pyu, pyosh, pyot. Its result twin is vypit — the same verb with a prefix for "down to the bottom".
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “raisins” in Russian?
«изюм», read “izyum”. In a live sentence: “Изюм и орехи в пакете” — Raisins and nuts in the bag. Noun, level A1, from the set “food and drink”; written with the characters и, з, ю, м.
How is “изюм” written in Latin letters?
izyum. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
The Turkish road again: izyum is literally "grapes" dried. Izyum i orekhi v pakiye. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.