грязный
“грязный” (gryaznyy) — dirty in Russian. Adjective, level A2, topic — the city and its places. Posle dozhdaya botinki gryaznyye — "after the rain the shoes are dirty" — the twin of chistyy. In a live sentence: “После дождя ботинки грязные” — After the rain the shoes are dirty. Written with the characters г, р, я, з, н, ы, й. One of 79 words in the set “the city and its places” in the Russian course.
In short
| Written in Russian | грязный |
| Read in Latin letters | gryaznyy |
| Translation | dirty |
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Level | A2 |
Why it looks that way
Posle dozhdaya botinki gryaznyye — "after the rain the shoes are dirty" — the twin of chistyy.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- После дождя ботинки грязныеPosle dozhdya botinki gryaznyeAfter the rain the shoes are dirty
Nearby words: the city and its places
Street, square, pharmacy, bank. An address is built out of these, and an address is something you have to both say and understand.
- городgorodcityOne root with gorodit, "to fence in": a fenced place — kin to "garden" and its Latin grandparent. The course table keeps v gorode and goroda.
- улицаulitsastreetSaid with na, not v: na ulitse — "on the street". In an address the street name goes first: ulitsa Tverskaya, 5.
- аптекаaptekapharmacyA cousin of "apothecary": Greek for "a storeroom". The green cross on the sign is the same as in the rest of Europe.
- толпаtolpacrowdA collective with a mind of its own: tolpa — eto mnogo chelovek.
- светофорsvetofortraffic lightLiterally "light-bearer": smotri, svetofor krasnyy — "look: the light is red".
- велосипедvelosipedbicycleLiterally "fast legs": ya yedu na velosipede — "I am riding a bike"; na plus the location form of the ride.
- остановка автобусаostanovka avtobusabus stopOstanovka avtobusa — zdes — "the bus stop is here"; the of-form names the bus.
- проездной билетproezdnoy bilettransit passU menya yest proyezdnoy bilet — "I have a transit pass" — the pass that rides with you all month.
- маршрутmarshrutrouteMarshrut avtobusa — nomer pyat — "the bus route is number five" — pyat, five, kept.
- пешеходный переходpeshekhodnyy perekhodcrosswalkLiterally "the pedestrian crossing": peshekhodnyy perekhod — pryamo.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “the city and its places”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “dirty” in Russian?
Posle dozhdaya botinki gryaznyye — "after the rain the shoes are dirty" — the twin of chistyy.
- How do you say “bus stop” in Russian?
Ostanovka avtobusa — zdes — "the bus stop is here"; the of-form names the bus.
- How do you say “pharmacy” in Russian?
A cousin of "apothecary": Greek for "a storeroom". The green cross on the sign is the same as in the rest of Europe.
- How do you say “crosswalk” in Russian?
Literally "the pedestrian crossing": peshekhodnyy perekhod — pryamo.
- How do you say “bicycle” in Russian?
Literally "fast legs": ya yedu na velosipede — "I am riding a bike"; na plus the location form of the ride.
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “dirty” in Russian?
«грязный», read “gryaznyy”. In a live sentence: “После дождя ботинки грязные” — After the rain the shoes are dirty. Adjective, level A2, from the set “the city and its places”; written with the characters г, р, я, з, н, ы, й.
How is “грязный” written in Latin letters?
gryaznyy. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
Posle dozhdaya botinki gryaznyye — "after the rain the shoes are dirty" — the twin of chistyy. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.