горький
“горький” (gorkiy) — bitter in Russian. Adjective, level A2, topic — food and drink. Chay byl gorkiy — "the tea was bitter" — gorka is a hill; gorkiy is the taste. In a live sentence: “Чай был горький” — The tea was bitter. Written with the characters г, о, р, ь, к, и, й. One of 170 words in the set “food and drink” in the Russian course.
In short
| Written in Russian | горький |
| Read in Latin letters | gorkiy |
| Translation | bitter |
| Part of speech | adjective |
| Level | A2 |
Why it looks that way
Chay byl gorkiy — "the tea was bitter" — gorka is a hill; gorkiy is the taste.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Чай был горькийChay byl gorkiyThe tea was bitter
Nearby words: food and drink
A menu, a market, a shop sign, the question “what is this?”. Food is the most frequent subject of the first weeks and the safest excuse to start talking.
- кофеkofecoffeeMasculine against all expectations: odin kofe, "one coffee". The word is not declined in the ordinary sense, and the stress stays put.
- чайchayteaThe word traveled out of China by two roads: the northern one gave tea, the southern one chay. Chai is the same journey.
- водаvodawaterFeminine: odna voda. Its forms live a life of their own — khochu vodu, net vody — and the course table keeps them.
- хлебkhlebbreadA native word with no relatives in English. The voiced b at the end goes voiceless, so you hear "khlep".
- молокоmolokomilkNeuter: goryacheye moloko. A distant cousin of "milk" — both come from the same ancient root for milking, though it takes etymology to see it.
- питьpitto drinkThe present tense reshapes the consonant: pyu, pyosh, pyot. Its result twin is vypit — the same verb with a prefix for "down to the bottom".
- сырsyrcheeseAfter numbers it takes the of-many form: dva syra. English "cheese" found no relatives for it in Europe.
- мясоmyasomeatNeuter, like moloko. A distant cousin of "meat" — same ancient root, though in English the word widened to mean food in general.
- рыбаrybafishFeminine: dve ryby, pyat ryb. The steak cut served in restaurants has its own name — steik.
- салатsalatsaladCame eastward through Italian insalata — "salted things", with the salt hidden inside. It names both the dish and the leaf.
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “food and drink”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “bitter” in Russian?
Chay byl gorkiy — "the tea was bitter" — gorka is a hill; gorkiy is the taste.
- How do you say “cheese” in Russian?
After numbers it takes the of-many form: dva syra. English "cheese" found no relatives for it in Europe.
- How do you say “water” in Russian?
Feminine: odna voda. Its forms live a life of their own — khochu vodu, net vody — and the course table keeps them.
- How do you say “salad” in Russian?
Came eastward through Italian insalata — "salted things", with the salt hidden inside. It names both the dish and the leaf.
- How do you say “to drink” in Russian?
The present tense reshapes the consonant: pyu, pyosh, pyot. Its result twin is vypit — the same verb with a prefix for "down to the bottom".
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “bitter” in Russian?
«горький», read “gorkiy”. In a live sentence: “Чай был горький” — The tea was bitter. Adjective, level A2, from the set “food and drink”; written with the characters г, о, р, ь, к, и, й.
How is “горький” written in Latin letters?
gorkiy. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
Chay byl gorkiy — "the tea was bitter" — gorka is a hill; gorkiy is the taste. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.