LingoflyӨткен жылы
- Өткен жылыÖtken zhylylast year
“Өткен жылы” (Ötken zhyly) — last year in Kazakh. Phrase, level A2. "To pass" gives "the past"; in speech one also says it in a single word. In a live sentence: “Өткен жылы Түркияда болдық” (Ötken zhyly Türkiyada boldyq) — Last year we were in Turkey. You can hear how it sounds right here. Written with the characters Ө, т, к, е, н, ж, ы, л, ы. A word from the everyday Kazakh course, level A2.
In short
| Written in Kazakh | Өткен жылы (Ötken zhyly) |
| Read in Latin letters | Ötken zhyly |
| Translation | last year |
| Part of speech | phrase |
| Level | A2 |
Why it looks that way
"To pass" gives "the past"; in speech one also says it in a single word.
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- Өткен жылы Түркияда болдықÖtken zhyly Türkiyada boldyqLast year we were in Turkey
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “last year” in Kazakh?
«Өткен жылы» (Ötken zhyly), read “Ötken zhyly”. In a live sentence: “Өткен жылы Түркияда болдық” (Ötken zhyly Türkiyada boldyq) — Last year we were in Turkey. You can hear how it sounds right on this page. Phrase, level A2; written with the characters Ө, т, к, е, н, ж, ы, л, ы.
How is “Өткен жылы” (Ötken zhyly) written in Latin letters?
Ötken zhyly. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
"To pass" gives "the past"; in speech one also says it in a single word. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
Can I hear how this sounds?
Yes, right on this page: click the word and it will play. The sound works on any phone, and nothing needs to be installed.