Consequence: per això, de manera que
The consequence in a complex sentence is introduced by per això — "therefore": Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombra — they planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now. The cause stands in the first sentence, and "per això" is the bridge between two facts. For example: “Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombra” — They planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now. A rule from the…
How it works
The consequence in a complex sentence is introduced by per això — "therefore": Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombra — they planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now. The cause stands in the first sentence, and "per això" is the bridge between two facts.
The link de manera que — "so that" — is stronger: the consequence looks expected, almost planned: El tren arribava tard, de manera que vam perdre el vaixell — the train was late, so we missed the boat. After both links the verb goes in the ordinary tense: the consequence here is a fact, not a purpose (for the purpose "per tal que" works — you have met it).
Table
| link | meaning | tone |
|---|---|---|
| per això | therefore | a simple bridge between facts |
| de manera que | so that | an expected consequence |
| per tant | consequently | a bookish conclusion |
By example
- Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombraThey planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now
- El tren arribava tard, de manera que vam perdre el vaixellThe train was late, so we missed the boat
- Reciclem el cartró, de manera que el cubell gris quasi no s'ompleWe hand in cardboard, so the gray bin hardly fills
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
Consequence: how does it work in Valencian?
The consequence in a complex sentence is introduced by per això — "therefore": Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombra — they planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now. The cause stands in the first sentence, and "per això" is the bridge between two facts.
What does it look like in an example sentence Valencian?
“Han plantat arbres i per això ara hi fa ombra” — They planted trees, and therefore there is shade there now. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.