கடந்த காலம்
“கடந்த காலம்” (kaḍanda kālam) — the past in Tamil. Noun, level B1, topic — time, days and hours. kadandha, 'that has passed by'. The same word sits in the last week phrase. In a live sentence: “கடந்த காலம் போயிட்டுது, முன்னால பாருங்க” — The past is gone, look ahead. You can hear how it sounds right here. Written with the characters க, ட, ந, ், த, க, ா, ல, ம, ். One of 142 words in the set “time, days and hours” in the Tamil course.
In short
| Written in Tamil | கடந்த காலம் |
| Read in Latin letters | kaḍanda kālam |
| Translation | the past |
| Part of speech | noun |
| Level | B1 |
- கடந்த காலம்kaḍanda kālamthe past
Why it looks that way
kadandha, 'that has passed by'. The same word sits in the last week phrase
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- கடந்த காலம் போயிட்டுது, முன்னால பாருங்கkaḍanda kālam pōyiṭṭudu, muṉṉāla pāruṅgaThe past is gone, look ahead
Nearby words: time, days and hours
Today, tomorrow, in the morning, at six. You cannot arrange to meet without these — let alone understand the answer.
- இன்னிக்குiṉṉikkutodayThe spoken form of the bookish 'this day'. In Jaffna you will hear another variant too — both are native
- நாளைக்குnāḷaikkutomorrow'Day' plus the direction ending -kku: literally 'onto the day ahead'. The day after tomorrow is built the same way
- நேற்றுnēṟṟuyesterdayA bookish form, but it lives in speech too. The day before yesterday is 'the earlier day'
- காலைkālaimorningDo not confuse with 'leg' or 'weed'. 'In the morning' adds the location tail. There is no separate 'good morning' on the island — one greets with vaṇakkam at any hour
- மாலைmālaieveningAlso 'a garland' — the kind put round a guest's or a bridegroom's neck. Only the sense of the sentence tells them apart
- இரவுiravunightThe bookish word, alive in speech too. The colloquial rival is rāttiri, and midnight is assembled from it: 'the middle rāttiri'
- நேரம்nēramtimeTime as a moment and as a span: 'what time is it?', 'there is no time'. Time as an epoch is another word, kālam
- எப்ப வருவீங்க?eppa varuvīṅga?when will you come?'When' plus the polite 'you' in the future tense
- எத்தனை மணிக்கு?ettaṉai maṇikku?at what time?Maṇi is both 'hour' and 'bell'. 'At five' is 'to the five bells'
- நான் லேட்டா வாறேன்nāṉ lēṭṭā vāṟēṉI am running lateThe English late with the same tail. Literally 'I will come late'
Test yourself
Five questions from the same set — “time, days and hours”. Recalling a spelling from meaning is harder than knowing a familiar word on sight, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “the past” in Tamil?
kadandha, 'that has passed by'. The same word sits in the last week phrase
- How do you say “time” in Tamil?
Time as a moment and as a span: 'what time is it?', 'there is no time'. Time as an epoch is another word, kālam
- How do you say “yesterday” in Tamil?
A bookish form, but it lives in speech too. The day before yesterday is 'the earlier day'
- How do you say “I am running late” in Tamil?
The English late with the same tail. Literally 'I will come late'
- How do you say “night” in Tamil?
The bookish word, alive in speech too. The colloquial rival is rāttiri, and midnight is assembled from it: 'the middle rāttiri'
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “the past” in Tamil?
«கடந்த காலம்», read “kaḍanda kālam”. In a live sentence: “கடந்த காலம் போயிட்டுது, முன்னால பாருங்க” — The past is gone, look ahead. You can hear how it sounds right on this page. Noun, level B1, from the set “time, days and hours”; written with the characters க, ட, ந, ், த, க, ா, ல, ம, ்.
How is “கடந்த காலம்” written in Latin letters?
kaḍanda kālam. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
kadandha, 'that has passed by'. The same word sits in the last week phrase. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
Can I hear how it sounds?
Yes, right on this page: click the word and it will play. The sound works on any phone, and nothing needs to be installed.