გულისტკივილი
“გულისტკივილი” (gulistkivili) — resentment in Georgian. Noun, level A1. Literally 'heart-pain': guli plus tkivili. The verb cqena — to take offense — is already in the course. In a live sentence: “ძველი გულისტკივილი გამახსენდა” — I remembered an old resentment. You can hear how it sounds right here. Written with the characters გ, უ, ლ, ი, ს, ტ, კ, ი, ვ, ი, ლ, ი. A word from the everyday Georgian course, level A1.
In short
| Written in Georgian | გულისტკივილი |
| Read in Latin letters | gulistkivili |
| Translation | resentment |
| Part of speech | noun |
| Level | A1 |
- გულისტკივილიgulistkiviliresentment
Why it looks that way
Literally 'heart-pain': guli plus tkivili. The verb cqena — to take offense — is already in the course
A word with a story stays in memory longer than one learned as a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
In a live sentence
A single word almost never appears alone in conversation. A sentence shows where it fits and what stands next to it.
- ძველი გულისტკივილი გამახსენდაdzveli gulistkivili gamakhsendaI remembered an old resentment
How not to forget this word
Reading a word and remembering it are different jobs. A day later, little survives of a single reading — and that is not bad memory, that is how memory works.
- This has been tested on foreign words too. The difference shows up most when you test yourself a few days later rather than straight away.checked many timesKim & Webb, 2022, Language Learning 72(2) · 48 experiments, 3,411 participants, 98 comparisons.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- An answer you worked out yourself sticks better than one handed to you.checked many timesBertsch et al., 2007, Memory & Cognition 35(2) · 86 studies, 445 comparisons, d = 0.40.
Frequently asked
How do you say “resentment” in Georgian?
«გულისტკივილი», read “gulistkivili”. In a live sentence: “ძველი გულისტკივილი გამახსენდა” — I remembered an old resentment. You can hear how it sounds right on this page. Noun, level A1; written with the characters გ, უ, ლ, ი, ს, ტ, კ, ი, ვ, ი, ლ, ი.
How is “გულისტკივილი” written in Latin letters?
gulistkivili. This is a practical spelling — you need it to read aloud and be understood, not to meet an academic standard.
Why does this word look the way it does?
Literally 'heart-pain': guli plus tkivili. The verb cqena — to take offense — is already in the course. A word with a story stays in memory longer than a “spelling — translation” pair: memory holds on to meaning, not to a string.
Can I hear how it sounds?
Yes, right on this page: click the word and it will play. The sound works on any phone, and nothing needs to be installed.