Time, days and hours in Georgian
135 words Georgian words on the topic “time, days and hours”: საათი — hour, დღე — day, დღეს — today, ხვალ — tomorrow. 135 words can be played from recordings.
135 words on the topic
- საათიsaatihourThe same word names the wristwatch and the wall clock: ert saati, one hour; saati makvs, I have a watch
- დღეdghedayTwo consonants and one vowel — a thoroughly Georgian word
- დღესdghestodaydghe plus -s: the ending turns 'day' into 'today'
- ხვალkhvaltomorrowOne of the few time words with no ending. Khvalamde, 'until tomorrow', is a standard goodbye
- გუშინgushinyesterdayThe day before yesterday is gushintsin: the same word plus tsin, before. Sharshantsin, the year before last, is built the same way
- საღამოsaghamoeveningThe evening greeting saghamo mshvidobisa is built on the model of the morning dila mshvidobisa
- ღამეghamenightGhame mshvidobisa, good night, follows the model of the morning greeting
- რომელ საათზე?romel saatze?at what time?Literally 'on which hour': the familiar saati plus -ze
- უკვე გვიანიაukve gvianiait is already lateukve is already, gviani is late plus -a. Early is adrea
- საუზმეsauzmebreakfastAlready met whole in sauzme passhi shedis, breakfast is included. To have breakfast is the single word sauzmoba
- სადილიsadililunchThe Georgian sadili is shifted toward the evening by three or four hours; what this course calls lunch at noon is closer to lanchi
- ვახშამიvakhshamidinnerKnown from vakhshmis momzadeba: when it declines, the middle -a- drops out and vakhshami becomes vakhshmis
- ჯერjerat firstIt lives in a pair: jer… mere… — first… then… The place is before the verb of its clause: jer davrekav, mere caval. With a negation the same word turns into 'yet': jer ar mosula — he hasn't come yet — and that is its most common use
- მერეmerethenThe second half of the pair jer… mere. It stands at the start of its clause. On its own it also asks back: mere? — and then what? The official synonym is shemdeg, which also serves as the postposition 'after'
- ამის შემდეგamis shemdegafter thatshemdeg is the postposition 'after', and it stands after the word in the genitive: gakvetilis shemdeg, amis shemdeg. The phrase opens the sentence. The opposite postposition is cin: amis cin — before this
- ბოლოსbolosfinallyThe place is the start of the last item in a list: jer… mere… bolos…. It is the form of the word bolo, the end, and it also means 'at the end': bolos davrchi — I stayed till the end. The intensified variant is bolos da bolos from this unit's first lesson
- მაშინ როდესაცmashin rodesatswhile (at the moment when)A two-part connector: masin — then — stays in the main clause, rodesac opens the subordinate one, and the subordinate verb goes to its end. The phrase works as time and as contrast alike
- ერთდროულადertdrouladsimultaneouslyAssembled from ert, one, and dro, time, with the adverbial -ad: 'in one time'. The place is before the verb: ertdroulad ori saqme ver gavakete. The colloquial synonym is ertsa da imave drops
- სანამsanambeforeIt opens the subordinate clause as its first word, and the verb goes to the end. A subtlety: in the meaning 'before' sanam is followed by ar, though there is no negation in the sense — sanam ar caviodi, davrekve. Without ar the same word means 'while': sanam velodebi, vkitxulob
- მას შემდეგ, რაცmas shemdeg, ratsafter (conjunction)A breakable connector: mas shemdeg stands in the main clause, rac opens the subordinate one, and the comma between them is obligatory. The verb of the subordinate goes to its end: mas shemdeg, rac davrekve, qvelaperi sheicvala
- როგორც კიrogorts kias soon asIt opens the subordinate clause, and the particle ki here is inseparable — without it rogorc simply means 'as'. The verb of the subordinate goes into the future even where English uses the past: rogorc ki chamova, dagirekav
- მას შემდეგmas shemdegsince thenThe same phrase as mas shemdeg, rac, but without rac — and therefore without a subordinate clause: it simply refers back to a moment in the past and opens the sentence. mas shemdeg axar minaxavs — since then I haven't seen him. Add rac and you get the connector
- ყოველთვისqoveltvisalwaysthe q is a throaty stop deep in the throat: qo-vel-tvis
- ხშირადkhshiradoftenthe xsh is kh and sh in a row: khshi-rad
- იშვიათადishviatadrarelyThe partner of xshirad, built the same way — from ishviati, rare. The place is before the verb: ishviatad vxdebit. 'Extremely rarely' is zalian ishviatad
- ზოგჯერzogjersometimesFrom zogi, some, and jer, a turn: 'in some turns'. The place is free — at the start or before the verb. The colloquial synonym is xandaxan, and it is the most common in live speech
- არასდროსarasdrosneverAn important feature: the double negation is obligatory, the verb is negated too — arasdros ar mitqvams. The place is before the verb. Relatives: arasodes — the same; araperi — nothing; aravin — nobody; all of them demand ar with the verb
- ჩვეულებრივchveulebrivusuallyThe place is at the start of the sentence or before the verb: cveulebriv cxaze vicqeb — I usually start at nine. The same word unchanged means 'usual': cveulebrivi dghe. The root ceva is a habit
- დიდხანსdidkhansfor a long timeFrom didi, big, and xani, time, term, in the dative. The place is before the verb: didxans velode. The question to it is ramden xans? — how long? — and the answer uses the same xani
- ყოველ ჯერზეqovel jerzeevery timejeri is a turn, one's due; the -ze is the postposition that here means 'at'. The place is the start of the sentence. From the same nest: ertxel — once; orjer — twice; ramdenjer? — how many times?
- დროდადროdrodadrofrom time to timeOne word from doubled dro, time — in Georgian it is not a phrase of three words. The place is free, more often at the start: drodadro mirekavs. A synonym is xandaxan
- დღემდეdghemdeso farthe dgh is d and the throaty gh in a row: dghe-mde
- უცებutsebsuddenlyThe place is at the start of the sentence or right before the verb: uceb gaitisha shuqi — the light suddenly went off. A second usage is 'quickly, in one go': uceb gaaketa — he did it in a flash. A synonym of the first sense is moulodneblad, unexpected — longer and more bookish
- წინასწარtsinastsarin advancethe ts twice — sharp, no puff of air: tsi-nas-tsar
- დროულადdrouladon timeAn adverb in -ad from drouli, timely. The place is before the verb: droulad movedi. The negation gives lateness: ar movedi droulad equals davagviane
- სასწრაფოდsastsrapodurgentlythe sc is s and a sharp ts in a row: sas-tsra-pod
- მაშინვეmashinveright awayThis is masin, then, plus the particle -ve, which means 'the very same, immediately': imave dghes — on the very same day. The place is before the verb. The colloquial synonym is masinatve, and 'right after' sounds as masinve, rogorc ki
- თანდათანtandatangraduallythe th is an aspirated t, both times: tan-da-tan
- ბოლო წუთსbolo tsutsat the last momenta sharp ts, no puff of air: tsuts
- ადრე თუ გვიანadre tu gviansooner or laterHere tu means not 'if' but 'or' — a rare but living usage in frozen pairs. The word order must not be changed; the phrase stands at the start of the sentence: adre tu gvian gaigebian
- ერთხელertkhelonceLiterally 'one time': erti plus -xel, which counts turns — orjer, twice, is from here too. At the start of a story ertxel means 'once upon a time', in the middle just 'once'
- ბავშვობაშიbavshvobashiin childhoodbavshvoba, childhood, with the ending -shi, in. Georgian puts a period of life into the same case as a place: bavshvobashi, like otaxshi. In youth: axalgazrdobashi
- იმ დროსim drosback thenim is that, in an oblique case; dros is at the time. Then is masin, which is shorter; im dros sounds like 'in those days' and asks for a story
- ეს დიდი ხნის წინ იყოes didi khnis tsin iqoit was long agothe ts is sharp, no puff of air: tsin
- პირველადpirveladfor the first timethe p sharp, no puff of air: pir-ve-lad
- მომავალიmomavalifutureLiterally 'the coming', from mosvla, to come. The same word is the adjective 'future': momaval kviras — next week. In the future: momavalshi
- წარსულიtsarsulipastthe ts sharp, no puff of air: tsar-su-li
- უახლოესი გეგმებიuakhloesi gegmebinear-term plansuaxloesi is the superlative of axlo, close, built with the prefix u- and the ending -es. gegma is a plan; the backup plan from wave five is satadarigo gegma
- ერთ წელიწადშიert tselitsadshiin a yearthe ts twice — both sharp: tse-li-tsad-shi
- მუდმივადmudmivadpermanentlyFrom mudmivi, permanent, with the adverbial -ad. A permanent job is mudmivi samsaxuri; permanent residence mudmivi binadroba. Always is qoveltvis — about frequency, not duration
- დროებითdroebittemporarilyFrom dro, time, through droebiti, temporary. A temporary job is droebiti samushao. The pair mudmivad — droebit stands side by side in documents permanently
- მოსახერხებელი დროmosakherkhebeli droa convenient timemosaxerxebeli is convenient in the sense 'suitable to the circumstances'; a comfortable chair would be komportuli. When suits you: rodis gixerxdebit?
- დროის დანიშვნაdrois danishvnato set a timedanishvna is to appoint: a time, a meeting, a person to a post. The same word means 'to betroth': danishnuli is a fiance or fiancee. Context tells without effort
- დღის მეორე ნახევარშიdghis meore nakhevarshiin the afternoonnaxevari is a half: half a loaf, half a day. The first half of the day: dgis pirvel naxevarshi. Shorter they say shuadgis shemdeg — after midday
- საღამოსკენsaghamoskentoward eveningthe gh a gargled g from the throat, the k sharp: sa-gha-mos-ken
- ნებისმიერ დროსnebismier drosany timenebismieri is any, whatever, from neba, will. Any person: nebismieri; anywhere: nebismier adgilas. The reply is polite and convenient: it does not bind you to an hour
- არა უადრეს ხუთისაara uadres khutisanot before fiveuadresi is the comparative of adre, early, built with the same u-…-es scheme as uketesi. More colloquially: xutis mere — after five
- დროზე მოვალdroze movalI'll be on timeLiterally 'I will come on time': Georgian promises a coming, not a being. droze is on time, by the deadline; the bookish droulad from wave five means the same. To be late: dagvianeba
- სანამ არsanam aruntilThe familiar sanam means 'while' and 'before', and the particle ar turns it into 'until'. Without the ar the meaning flips
- საუკუნეsaukunea century (an era)An ordinal century is written with the me-…-e frame: meotse saukune is the twentieth century. In dates and in talks about history it is always saukune
- ეპოქაepokaepochthe p is ejective: e-po-ka, with no puff of air
- ათწლეულიattsleulidecadethe tt at the seam: two different sounds in a row, at-tsleu-li
- პერიოდიperiodiperiodA borrowing, good for history and for a report alike: saangarisho periodi
- წამიtsamiinstantthe opening ts is ejective: a sharp clipped ts with a catch
- ხანგრძლივიkhangrdzlivilengthythe ngrdzl inside has no vowels, and dz is one fused sound: khan-grdzli-vi
- ამ დღეებშიam dgheebshione of these daysLiterally 'in these days'. It works about the near future and the recent past alike, where English says its own phrase
- ჩვენს დროშიchvens droshinowadaysLiterally 'in our time'. About today in general, not about today's date
- უხსოვარი დროიდანukhsovari droidansince time immemorialLiterally 'from unmemorable time': ukhsovari is built on the u-…-i frame from khsovna, memory
- რამდენიმე წუთშიramdenime tsutshiin a matter of minutesLiterally 'in several minutes'. The ending -shi answers the question 'in how long'
- თანამედროვეtanamedrovemodernThe prefix tana- (co-) plus medrove, of the time: literally 'a contemporary'. The word is both a trait and a noun at once
- უძველესიudzvelesiancientThe superlative of the familiar dzveli, old, on the u-…-esi frame. The same as udidesi, the greatest
- გარდასული დროgardasuli drodays gone byLiterally 'the time that has passed'. The familiar tsarsuli is the past as a stretch, while gardasuli dro carries a shade of longing
- დროგამოშვებითdrogamoshvebitoccasionallyLiterally 'with a gap in time'. The familiar ishviatad is rare in general, while this is 'from time to time'
- ყოველდღიურადqoveldghiuraddailythe opening q is the guttural catch, then a rolled throaty gh: qovel-dghi-urad
- რეგულარულადregularuladregularlyA borrowing with -ad. The native word next to it is mudmivad, constantly
- პირველადpirveladthe first timethe p is ejective: pir-ve-lad
- ხელახლაkhelakhlaanewOf kheli, a hand, and axali, new: 'with a new hand', that is once more. tavidan is also anew, but from the very beginning
- სულ უფრო ხშირადsul upro khshiradmore and more oftenSul upro means 'ever more': a strengthener before the comparative. The same way sul upro tsota is 'less and less'
- სამუშაო დღეებშიsamushao dgheebshion weekdaysLiterally 'in working days'. The days off are datsvenebis dghee
- ყოველ მეორეჯერqovel meorejerevery other timeLiterally 'every second time'. Inside sits the familiar ending -jer, a time
- წელიწადში ერთხელtselitsadshi ertkhelonce a yearA scheme for all cases: the stretch with -shi plus ertkhel. kvirashi orjer is twice a week
- გამუდმებითgamudmebitevery now and thenFrom mudam, always. The familiar mudmivad means 'constantly' exactly, while gamudmebit is annoyingly often
- ამასობაშიamasobashimeanwhileFrom es, this: literally 'in this very one'. One of the most frequent connectives of a story
- პარალელურადparaleluradin parallelthe p at the start is ejective: para-le-lu-rad
- მანამდეmanamdeuntil thenThe ending -mde is exactly 'up to'. Its pair is sanam, while, which you already know
- შემდგომშიshemdgomshiafterwardsFrom shemdeg, after. Bookish and further in time than the simple mere
- წინა დღესtsina dghesthe day beforeLiterally 'on the previous day': tsina is before and former, the same as in tsinapari
- მომავალშიmomavalshiin the futureThe familiar momavali, the future, with the postposition -shi. This is how contracts phrase it
- ამჯერადamjeradthis timeOf am, this, and the familiar -jer, a time. One word where English takes two
- თავის დროზეtavis drozein due timeLiterally 'in one's own time'. The familiar droulad means 'on time', while this turn stresses that the moment was right
- უკან დათარიღებითukan datarighebitbackdatedLiterally 'with a dating backward': from tarighi, a date. This is said of papers signed later than the date on them
- დაუყოვნებლივdauqovneblivwithout delaythe q in the middle is the guttural catch: dau-qov-ne-bliv
- თებერვალიtebervaliFebruaryThe second month after the familiar January. In dates the month takes the genitive and loses its middle a: 'the fifth of February'
- მარტიmartiMarchthe t is ejective, with no puff of air: the tongue snaps off the teeth — mar-ti
- აპრილიapriliAprilThe opening p is ejective, as in puri, bread. The first of April is pirveli aprili
- მაისიmaisiMayThree syllables, not one: ma-i-si. The ending -shi doubles the s: maishshi
- ივნისიivnisiJuneOne letter away from ivlisi, July. Easy to mix up, and Georgians themselves sometimes double-check
- აგვისტოagvistoAugustthe t is ejective: ag-vis-to, the last syllable is sharp and short
- სექტემბერიsektemberiSeptemberThe last four months all end in -beri, from the Latin -ber. They are learned together, as one set of four
- ოქტომბერიoktomberiOctoberan aspirated k then an ejective t — two different stop consonants in one word: ok-tom-be-ri
- ნოემბერიnoemberiNovemberNo 'v' in the middle: no-em-be-ri, four syllables and not one extra consonant
- დეკემბერიdekemberiDecemberThe last of the -beri set. New Year, akhali tseli, is welcomed on the thirty-first
- წელიtseliyearthe opening ts is ejective: a sharp ts with a catch, no puff
- დღე-ღამეdghe-ghameday and nightLiterally 'day-night': both words are known, and the hyphen fuses them into one notion. Georgian has no single word for those twenty-four hours
- ასწლეულიastsleulihundred years oldthe stsk seam is two different sounds in a row: as-tskle-uli
- წუთიtsutiminuteThe word already appeared in ert tsuti and ramdenime tsutshi. An hour is saati, a second is tsami
- წამიtsamia secondThe same word as 'an instant': Georgian does not split a moment and the unit of time. Ert tsamith — for a second; tsamshi — in a second
- ნახევარი საათიnakhevari saatihalf an hourTwo known words side by side: nakhevari, half, and saati, hour. There is no single word like English 'half an hour'
- შუადღეshuadghenoonFrom shua, middle, and the familiar dghe, day. Shuadghisas — at noon; shuadghemde — until noon
- შუაღამეshuaghamemidnightOn the same model: shua plus ghame, night. The pair shuadghe and shuaghame rests on one prefix
- ახლაakhlanowDo not confuse with akhali, new: one letter apart. Akhlave — right now, immediately
- ვადაvadatime limitThe head of many familiar phrases: gadaxdis vada, payment deadline; vargisanobis vada, shelf life. Vada gauvida — the deadline has passed
- შემდეგიshemdeginextFrom shemdeg, after. In queues they call exactly this: shemdegi!
- გასულიgasulipreviousA participle of gamosvla, 'to go out, to pass'. The noun tsarsuli means 'the past'
- დაგვიანებაdagvianebato be lateFrom gvian, late. Being late to a place takes the postposition -ze: samssakhurze, late for work
- მოსწრებაmostsrebato make itMaking it to something takes the dative: matarebels movastsreb — I will catch the train
- კვლავkvlavagainThe bookish word. In speech isev is more common — the same meaning and shorter to the ear
- მალეmalesoonShort and frequent. Male gnavhav — see you soon
- დიდი ხნის წინdidi khnis tsina long time agoLiterally 'of much time before'. Khani means 'time, span'
- ცოტა ხნის წინtsota khnis tsinrecentlyThe partner of didi xnis tsin, assembled the same way: 'of little time before'
- გვიანgvianlateHence the verb dagvianeba, to be late. The partner is adre, early
- ადრეadreearlyBoth 'early' and 'earlier' about the past: adre akh vtskhovrobdi — I used to live here before
- ჩქარაchkarafastHence the verb chkaroba, to hurry. The equivalent stsrapad is more bookish
- ახლახანakhlakhanjust nowFrom akhla, now, with the root doubled. The doubling is what gives the 'only just' sense
- დილითdilitin the morningThe instrumental case of dila, morning: the tail -it is what turns it into an adverb
- დღისითdghisitin the daytimeThe same tail -it, this time from dghe, day. The partner of ghamit, at night
- საღამოსsaghamosin the eveningNot -it here but the dative -s: saghamo bends away from the common pattern
- ღამითghamitat nightFrom ghame with the tail -it. Ghamis, 'of the night', is already the genitive
- ყოველდღეqoveldgheevery dayWritten as one word: qoveli (every) plus dghe (day). Splitting it is a misspelling
- მთელი დღეmteli dgheall dayPlain nominative with no tail at all — that is how Georgian marks duration
- მომენტიmomentimomentA borrowing with the Georgian tail -i. The native word for an instant is tsami, a second
- კედლის საათიkedlis saaticlockOne word, saati, means both hour and clock, so the device is named by where it sits: the wall one
- რომელი საათიაromeli saatiawhat time is it?Literally 'which is the hour': the linker -a has grown right onto saati
- ოდესმეodesmeeverThe same particle -me on the bookish odes, when. It speaks of the past and of the future alike: odesme nakheth — have you ever seen
- დილაdilamorningThe course met this word only inside ready phrases: dila mshvidobisa, good morning; dilith, in the morning. Dila itself is the part of the day before noon
How it sounds in a sentence
A word list is a blank. Conversation is made of sentences, and these are the ones the words fit into most often.
- ერთ საათში მოვალert saatshi movalI will come in an hour
- დღე გრძელი იყოdghe grdzeli iqoThe day was long
- დღეს არ ვმუშაობdghes ar vmushaobToday I am not working
- ხვალ ბათუმში მივდივარkhval batumshi mivdivarTomorrow I am going to Batumi
- გუშინ მთელი დღე წვიმდაgushin mteli dghe tsvimdaYesterday it rained all day
- საღამო თბილი იყოsaghamo tbili iqoThe evening was warm
What is worth knowing about these words
საათი (saati) — hour. The same word names the wristwatch and the wall clock: ert saati, one hour; saati makvs, I have a watch
დღე (dghe) — day. Two consonants and one vowel — a thoroughly Georgian word
დღეს (dghes) — today. dghe plus -s: the ending turns 'day' into 'today'
ხვალ (khval) — tomorrow. One of the few time words with no ending. Khvalamde, 'until tomorrow', is a standard goodbye
Test yourself
First by ear — the way you will meet the word in conversation. Click the speaker and pick the translation.
- What is this word?
It is საათი (saati) — hour.
- What is this word?
It is რომელ საათზე? (romel saatze?) — at what time?.
- What is this word?
It is ამის შემდეგ (amis shemdeg) — after that.
- What is this word?
It is მას შემდეგ (mas shemdeg) — since then.
- What is this word?
It is დიდხანს (didkhans) — for a long time.
Now the other way around: recall the spelling from the meaning. That is harder, and therefore more useful.
- How do you say “hour” in Georgian?
The same word names the wristwatch and the wall clock: ert saati, one hour; saati makvs, I have a watch
- How do you say “at what time?” in Georgian?
Literally 'on which hour': the familiar saati plus -ze
- How do you say “after that” in Georgian?
shemdeg is the postposition 'after', and it stands after the word in the genitive: gakvetilis shemdeg, amis shemdeg. The phrase opens the sentence. The opposite postposition is cin: amis cin — before this
- How do you say “since then” in Georgian?
The same phrase as mas shemdeg, rac, but without rac — and therefore without a subordinate clause: it simply refers back to a moment in the past and opens the sentence. mas shemdeg axar minaxavs — since then I haven't seen him. Add rac and you get the connector
- How do you say “for a long time” in Georgian?
From didi, big, and xani, time, term, in the dative. The place is before the verb: didxans velode. The question to it is ramden xans? — how long? — and the answer uses the same xani
How to learn the set instead of just reading it
Today, tomorrow, in the morning, at six. You cannot arrange to meet without these — let alone understand the answer.
A list is read in a minute and forgotten in a day. What works: hide the translation, try to recall, get it wrong — and come back to the same words tomorrow.
- Recalling beats re-reading. Covering the translation and trying to remember it does more than reading it ten more times.checked many timesAdesope, Trevisan & Sundararajan, 2017, Review of Educational Research 87(3) · 188 experiments, 272 comparisons. g = 0.61; against plain re-reading 0.51, against passive review 0.93.
- This holds not only in experiments but in ordinary classrooms, with real students.checked many timesMawson & Kang, 2025, Behavioral Sciences 15(6):771 · 22 studies, d = 0.54 (confidence interval 0.31–0.77). The authors warn that individual studies disagree widely.
Frequently asked
How do you say “hour” in Georgian?
«საათი», read “saati”. The same word names the wristwatch and the wall clock: ert saati, one hour; saati makvs, I have a watch. It is one of 135 words in the set “time, days and hours” — the rest are in the table above.
How many time words do you need to start?
A dozen is enough. The set of 135 words on this page covers nearly every everyday case on the topic — but it is best taken a few at a time, not all at once.
Is there audio?
Yes, 135 words on this page can be played — click the speaker next to the word. The sound works on any phone, and nothing needs to be installed.