დასრულება or დავასრულე: the card heading and live speech
The unit u53 has fifty verbs, and on the card each stands in a form you will almost never hear in conversation. This is not carelessness but the design of the language, and it is worth understanding once. For example: “პროექტის დასრულება გვინდა, ამიტომ დღეს დავასრულებთ” — We want to finish the project, so today we will finish it. A rule from the Georgian course: worked out on examples, not memorized as a wording.
How it works
The unit u53 has fifty verbs, and on the card each stands in a form you will almost never hear in conversation. This is not carelessness but the design of the language, and it is worth understanding once.
What a masdar is. დასრულება (dasruleba), შემცირება (shemtsireba), მოგვარება (mogvareba) are verbal nouns: 'finishing', 'reducing', 'sorting out'. Georgian dictionaries put them in the heading because the personal forms of a Georgian verb run into the hundreds: person, number, tense — and, on top of that, the object sits inside the word too. Picking one 'initial' form out of that crowd is impossible, so the language picks the noun.
How a masdar turns into a verb. Drop -ება/-ვა and add a person prefix and a tense ending: დასრულება → დავასრულე (I finished), შემცირება → შევამცირეთ (we reduced), მოგვარება → მოვაგვარე (I sorted out). The prefix ვ- is 'I', -თ at the end is 'we' or the polite 'you'.
Where the masdar lives its own life. It is needed after უნდა (unda) and შეიძლება (sheidzleba), after other verbs, and in notices: ბილეთის ყიდვა შეიძლება (biletis qidva sheidzleba) — tickets can be bought; გადაწყვეტილების მიღება გვიწევს (gadatsqvetilebis migheba gvitsevs) — we have to make the decision. So you have to learn it anyway.
Careful with bookish masdars. Some never sound in living speech: დატევა (to fit inside) turns into ეტევა (eteva) in conversation, აღმოფხვრა (to eliminate) into გაასწორეს. In such cases the card gives the masdar and the example gives the live form, and the hint says so separately.
And the main rule of reading. Seeing an unfamiliar word on -ება or -ვა, look inside it for a root and a preverb: გა-უარეს-ება — from უარესი (worse), მო-გვარ-ება — from გვარი (kind, manner). Half the verbs of wave 6 are taken apart exactly this way.
Table
| masdar | in English | live form | what it means |
|---|---|---|---|
| დასრულება | to finish | დავასრულე | I finished |
| შემცირება | to reduce | შევამცირეთ | we reduced |
| მოგვარება | to sort out | მოვაგვარე | I sorted out |
| შედგომა | to set about | შეუდგა | he set about it |
| დანებება | to give up | ნუ დანებდები | don't give up |
| მიღწევა | to achieve | მივაღწიე | I achieved it |
| დატევა | to fit inside | ვერ ეტევა | it doesn't fit |
| გაქრობა | to disappear | გაქრა | it disappeared |
| გაჩენა | to arise | გაჩნდა | it arose |
| გამოყენება | to use | გამოვიყენე | I used it |
By example
- პროექტის დასრულება გვინდა, ამიტომ დღეს დავასრულებთproektis dasruleba gvinda, amitom dghes davasrulebtWe want to finish the project, so today we will finish it
- ხარჯების შემცირება საჭიროა და ჩვენ უკვე შევამცირეთkharjebis shemtsireba sachiroa da chven ukve shevamtsiretCutting the costs is necessary, and we have already cut them
- ამ ჩანთაში ყველაფერი ვერ ეტევაam chantashi qvelaperi ver etevaEverything won't fit into this bag
How the rule settles in your head
A rule is not memorized from an explanation. It is memorized from an attempt to use it and a mistake — that is why the app delivers it mixed in with words, not as a separate lesson: it resurfaces exactly where you forgot it.
Frequently asked
How to look up a Georgian verb in the dictionary?
The unit u53 has fifty verbs, and on the card each stands in a form you will almost never hear in conversation. This is not carelessness but the design of the language, and it is worth understanding once.
Დასრულება vs დავასრულე?
What a masdar is. დასრულება, შემცირება, მოგვარება are verbal nouns: 'finishing', 'reducing', 'sorting out'. Georgian dictionaries put them in the heading because the personal forms of a Georgian verb run into the hundreds: person, number, tense — and, on top of that, the object sits inside the word…
Why a Georgian verb ends in ება in the dictionary?
How a masdar turns into a verb. Drop -ება/-ვა and add a person prefix and a tense ending: დასრულება → დავასრულე (I finished), შემცირება → შევამცირეთ (we reduced), მოგვარება → მოვაგვარე (I sorted out). The prefix ვ- is 'I', -თ at the end is 'we' or the polite 'you'.
What a Georgian masdar is?
Where the masdar lives its own life. It is needed after უნდა and შეიძლება, after other verbs, and in notices: ბილეთის ყიდვა შეიძლება — tickets can be bought; გადაწყვეტილების მიღება გვიწევს — we have to make the decision. So you have to learn it anyway.
Why a Georgian verb starts with ვ?
Careful with bookish masdars. Some never sound in living speech: დატევა (to fit inside) turns into ეტევა in conversation, აღმოფხვრა (to eliminate) into გაასწორეს. In such cases the card gives the masdar and the example gives the live form, and the hint says so separately.
What does it look like in an example sentence Georgian?
“პროექტის დასრულება გვინდა, ამიტომ დღეს დავასრულებთ” (proektis dasruleba gvinda, amitom dghes davasrulebt) — We want to finish the project, so today we will finish it. A rule is easier to test on sentences like this than to memorize as a wording: what surfaces in conversation is the sentence.